Challenges Related to Marketing and Branding in the...

Challenges related to marketing and branding in the Chinese beer industry: Source: Loizos Heracleous (2001)When Local Beat Global: The Chinese Beer Industry. Business Strategy Review, 2001, Volume 12 Issue 3, pp 37-45. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8616.00182/pdf. In spite of the fact that the level of taxation on the beer retail price in China was one of the lowest in the world at 19% (as compared with South Korea at 53.5%, Australia at 52.8% or the UK at 44.6%, for example), beer producers in China found it hard to make a profit, generally operating at capacity utilization levels of just 50-65%. The problems faced by foreign entrants can be summarized under four heads: _ The high†¦show more content†¦* Most of the beer sold through retail (‘‘take-home’’ or ‘‘off-premise’’) outlets is standard beer. People bring reusable glass bottles and fill them up. Most of the international brands are only available through ‘‘on-premise’’ channels like hotels, restaurants, bars, and karaoke bars. On-premise prices are considerably higher than off-premise retail, and indeed considerably higher than many Chinese consumers can afford. Among status-conscious buyers purchasing beer in hotels, bars, discotheques, and restaurants, however, demand is relatively price inelastic. Some customers are prepared to pay very high prices even by Western standards for the right brand, as a sign of status. Most foreign brewers had imported their brands to China before producing them domestically. Multinational brewers had spent large sums on advertising, especially in the bigger hotels and restaurants where prices were already high. In order to secure access to higher-paying customers who were frequenting these restaurants and hotels, larger beer companies paid an extra concession fee to sell on these premises, thus furthering raising the final price of the beer. As a result, many local Chinese beers were being pushed out with foreign beers often sold at twice the price of local ones. Overseas brewers then began to import brands rather than products by finding cooperative partners in China: the world’s top 10 brewers had all entered the market in this way.Show MoreRelatedHeineken N.V.: Global Branding and Advertising2172 Words   |  9 PagesWith sales throughout Europe, America, Asia, Australia and Africa, Heineken was second in volume of beer brewed behind only Anheuser-Busch in 1993. While Europe, particularly the Netherlands, provided the majority of its sales revenue, international expansion provided the majority of sales growth from 1992 to 1993. As the trend toward international expansion and the globalization of the brewing industry increased, the importance of effective advertising strategies and projecting an appropriate brandRead MoreGlobal Marketing : a Decision-Oriented Approach 4th Ed. Svend Hollensen.2310 Words   |  10 Pages Search Results Full Title Display - Global marketing : a decision-oriented approach 4th ed. Svend Hollensen. Pages: 753 Publisher: Pearson Education Publication date: 26 Apr 2007 Search score: 36.20 eISBN-13: 9781408212011 eISBN-10: 1408212013 Print ISBNs: PB: 9780273706786, 0273706780 Description: Drawing on an incomparable breadth of international examples, Svend Hollensen not only demonstrates how global marketing works, but also how it relates to real decisions aroundRead MoreMarket Penetration and Acquisition Strategies for Emerging Economies11039 Words   |  45 Pagescontact persons at Carlsberg A/S and our research partners in Poland, Lithuania and Vietnam for many stimulating discussions, and Bent Pedersen (Copenhagen Business School) and Zeng YuPing (Peking University) for sharing their insights in the Chinese brewing industry. Comments by Arnold Schuh, Mike Peng, Sheila Puffer, Tina Pedersen and Peter Krag as well as conference participants at the 2nd EIASM workshop on ’International Strategy and Cross-Cultural Management’ in Edinburgh University, and seminarRead MoreMarketing Strategy of Bud Light3687 Words   |  15 PagesMarketing Strategy Anheuser-Busch’s [pic] Table of Content 1. Summary 1 2. Introduction 1 3. SWOT Analysis 1 3.1 The SWOT analysis of Anheuser-Busch 2 4. PETSLE analysis 3 5. Competitors 5 6. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) 5 7. Segmentation Targeting and Positioning 6 8. Company’s objectives - SMART 7 9. Marketing Mix 4P’s 7 10. Possible Strategies for Anheuser-Busch in General 9 11. Conclusion 9 I. Appendices II. References III. Internet resources Summary The authorRead MoreWalt Disney Parks and Resorts1956 Words   |  8 Pagesthe challenge of building a theme park in Europe. Disney s mode of entry in Japan had been licensing. However, the firm chose direct investment in its European theme park, owning 49% with the remaining 51% held publicly. Besides the mode of entry, another important element in Disney s decision was exactly where in Europe to locate. There are many factors in the site selection decision, and a company carefully must define and evaluate the criteria for choosing a location. Global marketing strategistRead MoreTiger Beer Market Plan7717 Words   |  31 PagesSummary Asia Pacific Breweries (APB) is the leading beer brewery in the Asia Pacific region. The company’s most iconic product, Tiger Beer, is notably one of Singapore’s most successful brands in the world and is valued at S$820 million. The lucrative beer industry has attracted numerous foreign beers to vie for the market share in Singapore which is valued at S$562.7 million. As the beer industry in Singapore is reaching maturity, beer companies have to find innovative means to remain competitiveRead MoreEssay on Heineken Marketing Report 20094988 Words   |  20 Pages[pic] Marketing 100 Andrei Catrinici Term paper Prof. J.Goldstein I - Intro on company History of the company II - Environmental Analysis   Ã‚   1 - Economic forces   Ã‚   2 - Political Legal forces   Ã‚   3 - Demand   Ã‚         a)Total size of market   Ã‚         b)Market share   Ã‚         c)Characteristics of demand   Ã‚               1-When   Ã‚               2-where   Ã‚               3-how often costumers buy   Ã‚  Read MoreCoca-Cola: International Business Strategy for Globalization10128 Words   |  41 PagesMichael Ba Banutu-Gomez William G. Rohrer College of Business, Rowan University, USA Key Words International Differentiation Strategy, Global Strategy, International Marketing Strategy, Culture in International Marketing Strategy, Coca-Cola Strategy, International Distribution Strategy, Choosing Distributors and Channels, The Challenge of Distribution, Hidden Costs And Gains In Distribution, International Collaborative Strategy, International Labor Relations and Management Strategy, and InternationalRead MoreAnalysis of Marketing Strategy of Coca Cola and Pepsico12414 Words   |  50 PagesANALYSIS OF MARKETING STRATEGY OF COCA COLA AND PEPSICO PROJECT REPORT ON â€Å"ANALYSIS OF MARKETING STRATEGY OF COCA COLA AND PEPSICO† UNDER GUIDANCE OF: MR. ASHISH SAIHJPAL (FACULTY, MARKETING) SUBMITTED BY: AKHILESH MITTAL ARVIND JAIN BIPIN SINGH KARAMJEET SINGH PAWAN KUMAR (MBA II SEMESTER, 2008-2010) UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL, LUDHIANA 1 ANALYSIS OF MARKETING STRATEGY OF COCA COLA AND PEPSICO CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BEVERAGE INDUSTRY 1.1 BEVERAGE Any type of liquid specificallyRead MoreIndian Beverage Industry Report15071 Words   |  61 PagesREPORT ON INDIAN BEVERAGE INDUSTRY 1. Beverage Overview------------------------------------------------------ 3 2. Indian Beverage Industry----------------------------------------------- 4 3. Share of Volume by Beverage Category of India---------------------- 7 4. Per Capita Consumption In India--------------------------------------- 8 5. Key Figures on Indian Beverage Industry------------------------------ 9 6. Factors driving developments

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Essay examples

Imagine starving yourself to the point of death. Imagine throwing up repeatedly after every meal. This may seem too harsh of a reality to comprehend, but between 30-60% of all United States females are on calorie restrictive diets. (Reel, 3) These diets eventually lead to obsessions about their desired weight and often result in an eating disorder. The two most prevalent disorders today are; Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Bulimia Nervosa affects 2 to 3 % of all women 15 to 40. Many young women between middle and high school develop often these bad habits to cope with the insecurities developing around them. These two disorders are affecting individuals younger and younger each year. Anorexia generally begins between 12 and 20†¦show more content†¦Only 1% of young women meets the standards for diagnosis of Anorexia. Anorexia Nervosa means nervous lack of appetite. This implies a lack of interest in food, and this is not the case with anorexics. This disease is the rele ntless pursuit of excessive thinness. (Levine, 32) This interferes with the fulfillment of responsibilities to the self and others because it tends to produce an intense fear of becoming fat. Both victims of these diseases are obsessed with food and weight control. Young women succumb easily to these diseases because they tend to under go extreme pressure throughout middle and high school. They fall into a trap where they feel they must please others before pleasing themselves. Negative factors within the family such as neglect and sexual abuse, possibly both inherited and environmental, play a major role in triggering and perpetuating eating disorders among young girls. (http://noah.cuny.edu/wellconn/eatdisorders.html) Sexual harassment and abuse are just two of the ways in which young girls learn to feel shame, embarrassment, rejection, and hatred toward their developing bodies. Womens Studies of Toronto suggest that sexual harassment is a tool of oppression that can alienate girls from their developing bodies and give them a distorted sense of self. (Berg, 40) Many girls are afraid to walk down the halls or change in a locker room for fear of being called a carpenters dream or fat bitch. They feel they are beingShow MoreRelatedAnorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1452 Words   |  6 Pagestwo major types of eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. One of the descriptions of anorexia nervosa was during the 12th and 13th centuries. A woman, Saint Catherine of Siena, ceased her intake of food for a spiritual denial of herself. During the 16th century people who had self-discipline and practiced abstention were suspected to be witches and were burned at the stake. In the 17th century all the way through the 19th century anorexia was perceived to be an endocrine disorderRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1122 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are a few of the most common disorders struggled with today. Anorexia Nervosa is a condition of the intense fear to gain weight, which results in consistent lack of eating. Bulimia Nervosa, involves frequent episodes of binge eating followed by throwing up because of fear of gaining weight. The mortality rate for anorexia is the highest of all mental disorders yet the genetic factors relating them were not a huge concern to look into. It is easy to think that Read MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa Essay1944 Words   |  8 Pagesobsessed, that they will start to see themselves as larger than they truly are and will take serious measures to accomplish their dream of being thin. This â€Å"thin fantasy† develops into eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Although anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are both eating disorders where the person has a misperception of his or her own body and relies on starving/fasting, purging, and excessive exercise to lose weight, these conditions do vary in the way they areRead More Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagescan suffer. But eating disorders, such as Bulimia Nervosa or Anorexia Nervosa, are generally found in adolescent girls and young women. Anorexia Nervosa affects less than one percent of adolescent girls and young women, whereas, Bulimia Nervosa affects two percent. Approximately five percent of people with Anorexia are mal e. One main alleged cause is the media for their portrayal of young men and women and using unrealistic body shapes. Anorexia Nervosa is generally a preoccupation with thinnessRead MoreBulimia Nervosa and Anorexia Nervosa Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are extremely harmful and rising in prevalence. . The two most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. In this essay, I will compare and contrast these two disorders. This essay will also assess the symptoms, causes, health affects and the most prevalent characteristics of people diagnosed with these two eating disorders. â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by self-starvation to avoid obesity. People with this disorder believe they are overweight, evenRead MoreEffects Of Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1150 Words   |  5 Pagesto eating disorders, the media plays an influential role in the lives of many women. Eating disorders are abnormal and serious disturbances in one s eating habits caused by many factors. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two well-known eating disorders. The causes of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are difficult to understand but there are a lot of factors that play a role in the development of them. Females are more likely to develop an eating disorder and heightened concern about weightRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1303 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorder. Out of all the eating disorders, the two most common are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where people, who are underweight, see themselves as overweight. People with anorexia are obsessed with weighing themselves and eat small portions of a certain type of food. Some people can also have binge-eating disorder by self-vomiting, excessive exercising and extreme dieting. Anorexia is the fear of becoming fat and in order to stay thin, the personRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Essay examples799 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom an eating disorder, one of the more recent to be the pop star Kesha. One of the eating disorders that Kesha suffers from is anorexia nervosa. Anorexia Nervosa is defined by the American Psychological Association as having â€Å" a distorted body image that causes them to see themselves as overweight even when theyre dangerously thin.† People who suffer from anorexia will usually avoid eating or eat very little and can even have social anxiety about eating in front of others. Genetics, a cultureRead MoreA Brief Note On Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1280 Words   |  6 PagesAnorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Eating disorders are classified as mental disorders and can lead to life threatening damage. It is important to manage eating disorders to prevent health effects. There are many different possibilities for patients with disorders. Common treatments for eating disorders can consists of counselor or therapists. Early detection is important to limit future oral health effects. A dental hygienist has an advantage to see the inside of the mouth for possible traumaRead MoreBulimia Nervos Anorexia Nervosa2594 Words   |  11 PagesBulimia Nervosa Bulimia originated in Greece, from the word boulimia, which is defined as extreme hunger (the Bella Vita, 2013). Bulimia falls into the category of being a purge disorder, a lot of the time people that struggle with bulimia may have times where they battle with anorexia nervosa, meaning they restrict themselves from eating. There have been so many cases where people battle with bulimia for years upon years, despite the large variety of treatment there is. There are many perspectives

Contribution of Healthcare Administration

Question: How might this course contribute to your final doctoral study? As you continue exploring the field and practice of health care administration, your experiences throughout the Doctor of Healthcare Administration program will help inform the planning, design, and completion of your doctoral study. Answer: Introduction This study deals with contribution of healthcare administration course for the purpose of final doctoral research. This aims at continuing exploring in the field of practice of health care administration as well as experience for acting as Doctor of Healthcare Administration. This helps in designing as well as completion of final study in an effective way. Healthcare Administration I am pursuing Health administration doctoral program that provides with basic academic foundations as well as serviceable skills and practical expertise in healthcare industry. This doctoral program helps students in focusing on areas of interest like healthcare law as well as finance and health information systems (Moore et al. 2014). According to me, Health Administration leadership strategies helps students in developing skills by conducting study on healthcare ethics as well as core leadership strategies. This indulges in creation of opportunities for participation in mentorship opportunities at the same time. This particular course teaches students in conducting proper planning as well as implementation stages in case of organizational change management. I have analyzed that Healthcare communication helps in improving intrapersonal communication skill and related extraprofessional communication in the most appropriate way. It teaches employee training, mediation as well as coach ing and public relations at the time of discussion (Bennett Walston, 2015). I would like to state that students mostly spend time in case of individualized seminars as well as research sessions with faculty members. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that healthcare administration incorporates aspects of business as well as health sciences. It renders huge career opportunities for open graduates of Ph.D program in the field. Doctorate programs in hospital administration come in form of conducting Ph.D programs especially in hospital management as well as administration. Reference List Bennett, C. J., Walston, S. L. (2015). One Program's Experience with Incorporating a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) into Healthcare Administration Education.Journal of Health Administration Education,32(1), 123-132. Moore, T. L., Dotson, E., Dean, C., Rice, S., Piper, C., Johns, M., ... Elder, K. (2014). An Assessment of Minority Faculty in Healthcare Administration Programs.Journal of Health Administration Education,31(3), 283-295.

Sydney Opera House Essays (576 words) - Architecture, Construction

Sydney Opera House The Sydney Opera House There was no true place for performing arts in Australia and this angered many residents. So Joseph Cahill set up a committee to raise money for an arts complex. Then, for more funding he established Opera Lotteries. With all the necessary funds available, the next step was a design. A competition was organized for the design of the complex. The winner was Jorn Utzon with his design of a complex with sail shaped roofs. Building began immediately in March of 1957 on Bennelong Point in Sydney. Many cost overruns and delays and even the elimination of the angels from the roofs drove Jorn Utzon to resign. The final cost of the opera house was $107 million dollars. The opera house was completed in mid 1973 and officially opened on October 20, 1973. The opera house itself is absolutely marvelous. It has more than one thousand rooms, including five main auditoriums. The building also has features such as: five rehearsal studios, four restaurants, six theatre bars, extensive foyer, lounge areas, sixty dressing rooms and suites, library, artists lounge, administrative offices, and extensive plant and machinery areas. All these things cause more than two million people to attend more than three thousand events per year. The opera house is home to the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, the Australian Ballet, and the Australian Opera. The largest room in the opera house is the Concert Hall. It has two hundred and sixty-seven seats. The Concert Hall is used for concerts, chamber music, opera, choral concerts, pop, jazz concerts, folk concerts, variety shows, and conventions. It has excellent acoustics with ceilings of eighty-two feet in height. All the walls in this room are made of woods such as white birch plywood, hard brown wood, and brush box. The volume of this room is tremendous at eight hundred and eighty thousand cubic feet. The Concert Hall is also home to the world's largest organ. It was built by Ronald Sharp between 1969 and 1979 and has over ten thousand and five hundred pipes. The organ also has five manual keyboards, one pedal keyboard, eighteen adjustable, acrylic acoustic rings, and one hundred twenty-seven stops. With all of this, it takes about two seconds for sound to travel fully everywhere in the room. The next room is the Opera Theatre with one thousand five hundred and forty-seven seats. This theatre is used for opera, ballet, and dance. The acoustics of this theatre are also great with a black ceiling so that audiences will focus more on the stage and an orchestra pit that holds seventy-five musicians. The Drama Theatre has over five hundred and forty-four seats. It is used mostly for plays and lectures. The ceiling in the Drama Theatre is black to keep attention to the stage, is low in height, and made of refrigerated aluminum panels. The Playhouse room in the opera house has three hundred and ninety-nine seats. It is mainly used for small cast plays, lectures, seminars, cinema, and chamber music. The walls in the Playhouse are paneled with birch plywood. The newest addition to the opera house is the Studio. It has three hundred and sixty-four seats. This new addition is used mostly for modern performing arts and ?Contemporary? performing arts. All of these things make the Sydney Opera House world famous for its music, drama, events, and of course its world renowned design. Bibliography encarta 95 Theater Essays

Wal-Marts Women essays

Wal-Marts Women essays When six females filed a class action discrimination lawsuit against Wal-Mart in 2004, they were not just looking out for their own interests; they were in fact standing up for 1.6 million other women who worked for and were allegedly treated unfairly by Wal-Mart after December 26, 1998. The suit alleges that Wal-Mart in effect has lived under a corporate management culture that discriminates against female employees in matters of pay, promotions, training for management positions, and job assignments. The suit was filed in U.S. District Court, and the judge ruled that the women could ask for back pay and compensation for those 1.6 million women. This paper points to the facts of the case, many of which have been presented cogently and graphically by a professor from the University of California at Hayward, Richard Drogin. Using files and data from Wal-Mart, Drogin has painted a picture of institutional discrimination that cries out for a judgment in favor of the plaintiffs. For example, Drogin shows that only 33 percent of salaried managers are women, and that male hourly workers earn an average of $18,609 a year, while female hourly employees earn only $17,498. At the higher corporate levels, men make far more than women, Drogin demonstrated; a male regional VP earns an average of $419,435, while a female in the same position earns just $279,772 annually. Interestingly, only 10.3% of the regional VPs are female, which is not an indication of a lack of skills or talent on the part of women, but rather is based on institutional discrimination against women at Wal-Mart. The numbers dont lie: women hired for hourly jobs in 1996 earned 35 cents less an hour than men; by 2001, the difference grew, as women on hourly wages earned $1.16 less an hour than men. Women received 2,891 fewer promotions than men in the Support Manager position, and the list of injustice for women goes on and on. The st...

Biography of the German Explorer Carl Peters

Biography of the German Explorer Carl Peters Carl Peters was a German explorer, journalist and philosopher, instrumental in the founding of German East Africa and helped create the European Scramble for Africa. Despite being vilified for cruelty to Africans and removed from office, he was later praised by Kaiser Wilhelm II and was considered a German hero by Hitler. Date of birth: 27 September 1856, Neuhaus an der Elbe (New House on the Elbe), Hanover GermanyDate of death: 10 September 1918 Bad Harzburg, Germany An Early Life: Carl Peters was born the son of a minister on 27 September 1856. He attended the local monastery school in Ilfeld until 1876 and then attended college in Goettingen, Tà ¼bingen, and Berlin where he studied history, philosophy, and law. His college time was financed by scholarships and through early successes in journalism and writing. In 1879 he left Berlin University with a degree in history. The following year, abandoning a career in law, he left for London where he stayed with a wealthy uncle. Society for German Colonisation: During his four years in London, Carl Peters studied British history and investigated its colonial policies and philosophy. Returning to Berlin after his uncles suicide in 1884, he helped establish the Society for German Colonisation [Gesellschaft fà ¼r Deutsche Kolonisation]. Hopes For a German Colony in Africa: Towards the end of 1884 Peters traveled to East Africa to obtain treaties with local chiefs. Although unsanctioned by the German government, Peters felt confident that his endeavors would lead to a new German colony in Africa. Landing on the coast at Bagamoyo just across from Zanzibar (in what is now Tanzania) on 4 November 1884, Peters and his colleagues traveled for just six weeks persuading both Arab and African chiefs to sign away exclusive rights to land and trade routes. One typical agreement, the Treaty of Eternal Friendship, had Sultan Mangungu of Msovero, Usagara, offering his territory with all its civil and public privileges to Dr Karl Peters as the representative of the Society for German Colonisation for the exclusive and universal utilization of German colonization. German Protectorate in East Africa: Returning to Germany, Peters set about consolidating his African successes. On 17 February 1885 Peters received an imperial charter from the German government and on 27 February, after the conclusion of the Berlin West African Conference, the German Chancellor Bismarck announced the creation of a German protectorate in East Africa. The German East-African Society [Deutsch Osta-Afrikanischen Gesellschaft] was created in April and Carl Peters was declared its chairman. Initially a 18 kilometre costal strip was recognized as still belonging to Zanzibar. But in 1887 Carl Peters returned to Zanzibar to obtain the right to collect duties - the lease was ratified on 28 April 1888. Two years later the strip of land was purchased from the Sultan of Zanzibar for  £200,000. With area of almost 900 000 square kilometres, German East Africa almost doubled the land held by the German Reich. Searching for Emin Pasha: In 1889 Carl Peters returned to Germany from East Africa, giving up his position as chairman. In response to Henry Stanleys expedition to rescue Emin Pasha, a German explorer and governor of Egyptian Equatorial Sudan who was reputed to be trapped in his province by Mahdist enemies, Peters announced his intention to beat Stanley to the prize. Having raised 225,000 marks, Peters and his party depart from Berlin in February. Competition with Britain for Land: Both trips were actually attempts to claim more land (and gain access to the upper Nile) for their respective masters: Stanley working for King Leopold of Belgium (and the Congo), Peters for Germany. One year after departure, having reached the Wasoga on the Victoria Nile (between Lake Victoria and Lake Albert) he was handed a letter from Stanley: Emin Pasha had already been rescued. Peters, unaware of a treaty ceding Uganda to Britain, continued north to make a treaty with the king Mwanga. The Man With Blood on His Hands: The Heligoland Treaty (ratified on 1 July 1890) set German and British spheres of influence in East Africa, Britain to have Zanzibar and the mainland opposite and towards the north, Germany to have the mainland south of Zanzibar. (The treaty is named for an Island off the Elba estuary in Germany which was transferred from British to German control.) In addition, Germany gained Mount Kilimanjaro, part of the disputed territories - Queen Victoria wanted her grandson, the German Kaiser, to have a mountain in Africa. In 1891 Carl Peters was made the commissioner to renamed protectorate of German East Africa, based in a newly created station near Kilimanjaro. By 1895 rumors reached Germany of cruel and unusual treatment of Africans by Peters (he is known in Africa as Milkono wa Damu - the Man with Blood on his hands) and he is recalled from German East Africa to Berlin. A judicial hearing is undertaken the following year, during which Peters relocates to London. In 1897 Peters is officially condemned for his violent attacks on African natives and is dismissed from government service. The judgement is severely criticized by the German press. In London Peters set up an independent company, the Dr Carl Peters Exploration Company, which funded several trips to German East Africa and to British territory around the Zambezi River. His adventures formed the basis of his book Im Goldland des Altertums (The Eldorado of the Ancients) in which he describes the region as being the fabled lands of Ophir. In 1909 Carl Peters married Thea Herbers and, having been exonerated by the German emperor Wilhelm II and granted a state pension, he returned to Germany on the eve of the First World War. Having published a handful of books on Africa Peters retired to Bad Harzburg, where on 10 September 1918 he died. During World War II, Adolf Hitler referred to Peters as a German hero and his collected works were re-published in three volumes.

THE SAINTE CHAPELLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

THE SAINTE CHAPELLE - Essay Example Sainte Chapelle, built by Louis IX during the 13th century on the le de la Cit in the center of Paris was a famous example of late gothic architecture. Late Gothic in France, 1240-1550, called Rayonnant and Flamboyant. Rayonnant from rayonner, to radiate or shine, used to describe window traceries. The most visually attractive aspects of the chapel, and considered the finest of their type in the world, are its stained glass (were the Passion was clearly manifested). The stonework is a delicate framework, and rose windows added to the upper chapel in the 15th century. Durham Cathedral was generally considered one of the finest works of 'Norman' cathedral in Europe. Pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses (hidden above the aisle vaults) are visually evident in this cathedral. Notre Dame de Paris, built under High gothic period, a period wherein second-story gallery was omitted, but triforium or a three-story elevation was retained and reestablished. The catchiest feature of Notre Dame Cathedral was its Rose Window, built by Jean de Chelles, and was designed in the Rayonnant style. The Virgin and Child were depicted in the center circle, surrounded by figures of prophets. The second circle shows 32 Old Testament kings, and 32 high priests and patriarchs were depicted in the outer circle. Sainte Chapelle's structure was 36 m (118 ft) long, 17 m (56 ft) wide, and 42.5 m (139 ft) high. Fronted by a two-story porch, the Sainte-Chapelle had definite vertical proportions of Gothic architecture, which had been perfected during the 12th century. The architectural representation was that of a building with a single nave, culminated in a chevet with seven panels. Outside, the design was concentrated on the essentials - a sober base and heavy buttresses contrasting with the soaring lightness of the upper parts. The spire made of cedar, 33 meters (108 ft) high, a masterpiece of finesse, made in the 19th century, but an exact replica of the 15th century spire dominated the slate roof. The upper chapel was magnificent in its Gothic architecture - light, color, and space blend to inspire a sense of harmony between art and religious faith. Architects, sculptors and painters obviously took the greatest care with the interior of the upper chapel, as this was the part of the building reserved for the king, his close friends and family, as well as for displaying the religious relics. Supported by slender piers, the arched ceiling seemed to float above magnificent stained glass windows. Most significant of the sculpted decorations in the upper chapel were the statues of the twelve apostles, which lean on the columns marking the bays. With their flowing dress, finely featured faces and hair in flattened curls, they impart a sense of serenity in all who contemplate them. The lower chapel was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, whose statue stands freely next to the central pier of the portal. Low arched ceilings rest on fine columns with decorative carved leaf capitals, connected by anchor braces made of wood or stone. The walls were decorated with trefoiled arcades and twelve medallions representing the Apostles. DESIGN INTENTION The progressive enlargement of the windows was not intended to shed more light into the interiors, but rather to provide an